IP classes

A device On Network Need An Ip ( internet Protocol )address  To Communication With The Other Devices ip  Address Is Unique 32-bit Logical address  written in decimal notation Assigned to each Device which is connected  to Network .An Ip Address  to Communicate with various Networking device over a Network Layer Ip Address Is same as Telephone number which is Unique ...




IP Address 

A unique Adress mostly used by Computers to communicate over a network that usese ip As its protocol is knw as ip  address .IP address unique number assigned to any device os an IP network, 

for Example :- IP address is 11000000.10101000.00101010.00000001 is Binary format but generally we denote in dotted decimal  i.e 192.168.42.1 Each of the decimal numbers in an IP address is called an octet . So, for the Ip adress 192.168.42.1 the First octet is 192. the second octet is 168 and So On The range of decimal numbers in each octet varies from 0 to 255.

Generally , we Assign IP address to The NIC rather than to The computer . so if you have two NICs in your computer then you have to Assign two IP addresses for both NIC to communicate to the same or two diffrent Networks 

IP Address Concept

  An Ip Address assigned to a computer may either Be permanent Address or Address that  is assigned to a computer on a time lease or Temporary basic Hence, the Address granted To Computer Is divided into Two categories Dynamic IP Addressees and Static IP Addressees


Dynamic IP Addresses

'Dynamic  IP  address are  Assigned  to  the devices  that require temporary connectivity to The Or Non-permanent  Device  such as portable  computer . The Most  Common  Protocol Uses for Assigning Dynamic IP Address is  DHCP also Call  Dynamic Host  Configuration  Protocol  The DHCP grant Ip Address  to a Computer  On  Lease  Time Basis 



Static IP Addresses 

static IP address are Assigned To Devices on the Network Whose existence in The Network remains For A longer duration These static IP addresses are Semi-permanent IP Address which remain allocated to a  specific device for Longer Time , for Example , Servers


IP Address Classes ( Classful Ip Addressing )

The Scheme Of  IP addressing Using Address Classless is called classless .(classful Addressing Allow  only  network  Blocks From  Class A  , Class B ,  and class C  prefix corresponding to 8-bit  ,16-bit  ,And 24-bit  Network Prefix address .this addressing scheme does not allow any other network prefix address.

IP address is 32-bit address it is divided into Various Classes namely Class A, Class B , Class C , Class D 
And class E . TCP/Ip definess Class D for Multicasting And Class E for Experimental Purpose , Ip address contains two Address embedded within one Ip Address : Network address and Host address as shown in 

Structure of  IP  address

Class A Addressing 

class A consist of 8-bit Network ID and 24 -bit Host ID .so ,each Network in Class A will Have 2^^{24 - 2 number of host (IP) Address available to assign to the devices except for two reserved host addressee in each network class A can be Divide into 128 network blocks (number of Network  ) where the first Network block address start from 0.0.0.0 to 0.255.255.255 wher 0 (first byte) is the id similarly , second network Block addresses start from 1.0.0.0. to 1.255.255.255 where 1 ( first byte) is the network Id for second network block .in Class A address ,the first network block and the last network block are reserved for special purpose that is private addresses , while one block is used for private addresses.. Hence , Class A provides 126 network block while each block in Class A provide 16,777,216 host .Considering a single network block  within host addressee the first host address and the Last host address is reserved for special use .Class A is designed to servere Ip Addressees for big org . Class A} 

→ Reserved Host addresses are one network Address and another for broadcast address.

  

Class A Address Structure

“ For  each network block  ,the Value in the first byte  ( network ID ) remains same while the remaining 3 byte  (host ID ) may vary byte of class A specifies decimal values from 0 to 127. Network block 0.0.0.0 to 0.255.255.255 and 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 are reserved for special purpose Network block 10.0.0.0. to 10.255.255.255 is used for private network in private network ,the computer are allocated address space for communication with the computer on the internet network and not directly with the internet ”

<sup>Class B Addressing 

Class B address consist of 16-bit network ID and 16-bit Host ID . so ,each network in class B will Have</sup>
2<sup>16 -2  number of the Host (ip) address available to assigb to the devices . the address class consist of 16,384 network block the first block start from 128.0.0.0 to 128.0.255.255 .in this Address class the first two byte represent Network ID that is 128.0.x.x wher "X" is any number between 0 and 255 . The second Network block start from 192.0.0.0 to 129.255.255.255 The last network Block of class B is 191.255.0.0. to 191.255.255.255 where the network ID of Block is 191.255.x.x

Class B provide 16 special and reserved network address blocks. Hens , the remaining 16,368 network address block are used for assigning address , within host address in a network block ,the first host address and the last host address is reserved for special use .. Class B is designed  to serve IP addressees for mid level org .class B structure is</sup> 

Class B Address Structure

<sup>Class C Addressing 

class c  address consist of 24 network Id and 8 bit Host Id .so Each network in Class A will have 2^8-2
number of host (IP) address available to the devices . class C address class support 2,097,152 network blocks .The first network block starts from 192.0.0.0 to 192.0.0.255 the last Network block in class C start from 223.255.255.0 to 223.255.255.255 where network ID field is represented by first three byte , 192.0.0.x

class C provides 256 network block which are reserved private address . the remaining 2,096,896 network block are used for puiblic use Each block of class C address provides 256 host address .within host addressess in each network block , the first host address and the last host address is reserved for special use . Class C is designed to serve IP address to smaller org .class C structure is</sup> 

→ First byte of Class C specifies Decimal Values From 192 to 223 Network Block from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 are reserved for private address.

 

^{Class D Addressing} 

 ^{class D address class is designed for multicast .each address in class defines a particular Group of hosts over the internet .this class of address consists of only one block of address .when a group   of computers are assigned an address from this class , each host within the group has multicast address in addition to its normal address . First byte of class D specifies decimal values from 224 to 239.}

^{Class E Addressing} 

<sup>Class E address is reserved for Special purpose ..Class E IP addres consist of first  bit 1 in first byte ,second bit value 1 in second  byte , third bit value 1 in third byte and fourth bit value 1 in fourth byte.First byte of Class E specifies decimal values from 240 to 255....


 The select of Class mostly based on number of host reQuired by the organization as given in table</sup> 

Address Classes